Frequency Modulation (FM) sounds simple at first, but understanding the electronics behind modulation and demodulation of an FM signal can be confusing.

The various methods for converting analogue signals into the form of pulse-code modulation and back again are reviewed. Reasons are given for preferring a particular method of conversion called ...

A versatile four-quadrant analog multiplier core from Analog Devices, the AD633, is widely used in applications like modulation and demodulation, automatic gain control, power measurement, and ...