TCP is the building block for Layer 7 protocols, such as the HTTP. This chapter will examine the interaction between HTTP and TCP and how client and server communication at the TCP and HTTP layers are ...

The purpose of the network layer is to help route messages between different local networks. Central to this layer is the concept of exclusive network addresses, where every terminal connected to the ...

For a class project I had to code an TCP/UDP echo client and server and then capture the resulting packets using TCPDUMP. Here is the output for sending 1000 characters (1000 bytes) from a file from ...

I like to think of the transport layer as the layer of the OSI Model that enables more interesting traffic. While we network engineers may love a lot of the simpler uses of the IP protocol and ...

Ethernet is a layer 2 data link protocol that is widely used with the TCP/IP protocol, which resides at layers 3 and 4. To understand network communications, it is essential to learn about the ...

According to the OSI Model, the session layer is where connections are established, managed, and torn down. For connection-oriented network protocols, understanding how the session layer works, and ...

A few years ago, I was involved in a consulting project with a large company in the healthcare industry that was in the middle of a data center migration. After the networks and servers were stood up ...