A simulation-based study for optimizing proportional-integral-derivative controller gains for different control strategies of an active upper extremity model using experimental data.

Limb formation is currently explained by a long-standing model, which states that signals from tissue in the limb bud called the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) instruct cells of the upper arm to form ...

Extremity reconstruction surgery can be life-changing for people whose hands, arms or legs have been affected by cancer, an infection, a traumatic injury, congenital (birth) defect, or other ...

Background Goalkeepers appear to be the players who are at most risk of sustaining a shoulder injury. Many researchers have reported that goalkeepers are more likely, than outfield players, to injure ...