Kenneth Lange, A Gradient Algorithm Locally Equivalent to the EM Algorithm, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), Vol. 57, No. 2 (1995), pp. 425-437 ...

Two convergence aspects of the EM algorithm are studied: (i) does the EM algorithm find a local maximum or a stationary value of the (incomplete-data) likelihood function? (ii) does the sequence of ...

The idea is to reduce the cost of calculating the EM algorithm by using a haplotype-grouping preprocess exploiting the symmetrical and inclusive relationships of haplotypes based on the Hardy ...