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The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, one of the deadliest disasters in recent history, claimed more than 220,000 lives across 14 countries. Tsunamis are unpredictable and can arrive within minutes or hours, impacting multiple ocean basins. In response, UNESCO and its Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission took the lead in developing a coordinated global early warning system. has developed a global early warning system relying on a dense network of sensors, tide gauges, and regional warning centers