Effective Transistor Measurement Methods

Bell Labs, formerly the research arm of AT&T based in Holmdel, New Jersey, produced some of the most consequential inventions of the 20th century. Among them the transistor, information theory, the first communications satellite, cellular network technology, digital imaging sensors, and silicon solar cells. Many of the technologies powering today's AI boom trace directly back to work done in that building. The lab's most abstract contribution, Claude Shannon's information theory, forms the mathe